Slefo, G. P. (2020, April 6). Digital audio sees shifts: with less commuting, consumers are changing when and where they listen – and what they are listening to. Advertising Age.
Country data set
Economist Intelligence Unit. (2020, May 25). CountryData South Africa May 2020 [Data set]. http://search.proquest.com/abitrade
Industry profile
Dun & Bradstreet First Research reports seem to be available in multiple databases, so in such cases APA says not to include the database name or URL.
Dun & Bradstreet. (2019, May 27). Restaurants - quarterly update [industry report].
Fitch Solutions Group Limited. (n.d.). Mexico agribusiness report Q1 2020 [Industry profile]. BMI Research. http://search.proquest.com/abitrade
Access World News
Broadcast transcript
Kelly, M.L. (2020, May 4). Alaska restaurant owner: reopening far from profitable, but still worth it. [Radio broadcast transcript]. NPR All Things Considered. http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/?p=NewsBank
Newspaper article
DePass, D. & Crosby, J. (2020, February 13). Businesses could feel hit as virus cuts supply chain. Star Tribune, 1A.
McDonald’s. (2019). 2018 annual report. https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/m/NYSE_MCD_2018.pdf
SEC/EDGAR filings
Netflix. (2020, April 21). Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 21, 2020. https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1065280/000106528020000155/form10qq120.htm
Bloomberg. (2019). Company analysis for Bank of Canada. https://www.bloomberg.com/
Bloomberg. (2017). Environmental, social, and governance analysis for Bank of Canada 11/10/12 to 11/10/17. https://www.bloomberg.com/
Park, K., Philip, S., Davies, W., Man, Y., & Amin, H. (2020, April 20). The virus clips AirAsia’s wings. Bloomberg Businessweek, 16–17.
Article
Maze, J. (2020, May/June). Game of chicken: Popeyes' sandwich and Chick-fil-A's consistency proved again that America can't get enough chicken. Restaurant Business.
Company profile
MarketLine. (2020, January 16). 3M Company [Company profile].
https://www.ebsco.com/products/research-databases/business-source-premier
Country report
IHS Markit. (2020, March 3). Country/territory report - Australia. https://www.ebsco.com/products/research-databases/business-source-premier
Industry profile
MarketLine. (2020, April). Healthcare providers in Germany. [Industry profile]. https://www.ebsco.com/products/research-databases/business-source-premier
SWOT analysis
MarketLine. (2019, September 27). Apple, Inc. SWOT Analysis. https://www.ebsco.com/products/research-databases/business-source-premier
One author:
Smith, S. (2003). Leadership. HBS No. 7-806-122. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing.
Two authors:
Eisenmann, T., & Herman, K. (2006). Google, Inc. HBS No. 9-806-105. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing.
Textbook case study, one author:
Pederson, S. (2008). The XYZ Group. In J. Ness, Cases in digital processing (pp.11-20). Saskatoon, Canada: CDMA Publishing.
Find the permalink to cite the Census table directly whenever possible, rather than the various visualization tools such as CHASS which do not have permalinks.
Statistics Canada. (2017). Census profile, 2016 Census: Montréal (Census metropolitan area), Quebec and Quebec (Province) (Table 98-316-X2016001) [Data set]. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMACA&Code1=462&Geo2=PR&Code2=24&SearchText=Montreal&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0
Statistics Canada. (n.d.). Income - total sex: Total - income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households [Data set]. CHASS. http://datacentre.chass.utoronto.ca/
Find the permalink to cite the Census table directly whenever possible, rather than the various visualization tools such as Census Business Builder which do not usually have permalinks.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2017). Construction: Summary statistics for the US, states, and selected geographies (Table EC1723BASIC) [Data set]. U.S. Department of Commerce. https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?tid=ECNBASIC2017.EC1723BASIC&t=Employment%3ANew%20Housing%20%28Construction%20and%20Sales%29&vintage=2017&hidePreview=false
U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). QuickFacts: Madison city, Wisconsin. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved June 18, 2020, from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/madisoncitywisconsin/LND110210
U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). Census business builder: Small business edition - 3.0.1 [Map showing restaurants in the Dane County, WI area and surrounding counties]. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved June 18, 2020, from https://cbb.census.gov/sbe/#
U.S. Census Bureau. (2012). Retail trade: Geographic area series: Summary statistics for the United States, States, metro areas. counties, and places: 2012 (Table EC1244A1) [Dataset]. U.S. Department of Commerce. https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=EC1244&hidePreview=true&table=EC1244A1&tid=ECNBASIC2012.EC1244A1&g=0100000US,.04000.001&lastDisplayedRow=30
U.S. Census Bureau. (2018). Hennepin county, Minnesota - income in the past 12 months (in 2018 inflation-adjusted dollars) (Table S1901) [Dataset]. U.S. Department of Commerce.
https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=hennepin%20county%20mn%20income&g=0500000US27053&hidePreview=false&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1901&t=Income%20%28Households,%20Families,%20Individuals%29&layer=VT_2018_050_00_PY_D1&cid=S1901_C01_001E&vintage=2018
U.S. Census Bureau. (2018). Ramsey county, Minnesota - all sectors: County Business Patterns by legal form of organization and employment size class for U.S., states, and selected geographies: 2018 (Table CB1800CBP) [Dataset]. U.S. Department of Commerce.
https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=&g=0500000US27123&d=ANN%20Business%20Patterns%20County%20Business%20Patterns&table=CB1800CBP&tid=CBP2018.CB1800CBP&hidePreview=true&lastDisplayedRow=18
CIA World Factbook
Central Intelligence Agency. (2020). Brazil. In The World Factbook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html
Consumer Expenditure Survey
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2018). Race of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2018 (Table 2100) [Dataset]. U.S. Department of Labor.
https://www.bls.gov/cex/2018/aggregate/race.pdf
Country Commercial Guides
International Trade Administration. (2019, June 4). Latvia Country Commercial Guide. U.S. Department of Commerce.
https://legacy.export.gov/article?series=a0pt0000000PAuFAAW&type=Country_Commercial__kav
Deutsche Bank. (2020, April 28). 3M: Under the mask [Analyst report]. Dun & Bradstreet. http://logon.onesource.com/
Dun & Bradstreet. (n.d.). Kohl's Corporation [Company profile]. Retrieved May 27, 2020, from http://logon.onesource.com/
Some reports are HTML and without a date; some are PDFs with a date.
Dun & Bradstreet. (n.d.). Space research & technology [Industry profile]. Retrieved June 29, 2020, from http://logon.onesource.com/
MarketLine. (2020, January). Home & garden products in the United States [Industry profile]. Dun & Bradstreet. http://logon.onesource.com/
Dun & Bradstreet. (2019, December 6). Target Corporation SWOT analysis. http://logon.onesource.com/
Energy Information Administration. (2020, May 17). Retail gasoline prices: Gasoline prices - all grades, 08/20/1990 - 05/11/2020 [Data set]. Department of Energy; Data Planet Statistical Datasets. https://doi.org/10.6068/DP1722EF40B2064
Loose, N., Spearman, J., & Gewise, J. (2021, May). Online shops: Amazon in China 2021 [Report]. Statista Global Consumer Survey - Brand Report. https://ecommercedb.com/
Briggs, P., Dolliver, M., Kim, A., Koch, L., & Wurmser, Y. (2020, February). Canada digital habits by generation: Identifying key distinctions across age groups, from teens to baby boomers. eMarketer. https://www.emarketer.com/
You may need to use a search engine to find the URL for a particular report.
Risk Management Association. (2019, November 11). Financial ratio benchmarks 2019-2020 for NAICS 11110: Soybean farming. https://www.rmahq.org/ProductDetail.aspx?productid=684685779
Articles
Lombardo, C. & Mattioli, D. (2020, July 24). Amazon wooed startups, then competed with them - some companies regret sharing information with the tech giant. Wall Street Journal, J1.
Water-conscious Coloradoans love "Garden in a box," the ready-made, do-it-yourself xeric garden kit (2020, March 12). Business Wire.
Company profile
Factiva. (n.d.). Best Buy Co, Inc. [Company profile]. Retrieved May 27, 2020, from http://global.factiva.com/
Ratios
Factiva. (n.d.). Starbucks Corp. [Ratio comparison report]. Retrieved May 27, 2020, from http://global.factiva.com/
Most reports have a unique identifier number, so use it in parentheses after the title. In this case, also include a more specific description in the brackets than just [Industry report] as is often used elsewhere, because IBIS has risk and other reports as well as global, state, and other levels of industry reports, and sometimes the titles and numbers are the same.
Diment, D. (2019, December). Corporate wellness services (OD4621) [U.S. specialized industry report]. IBISWorld. https://www.ibisworld.com/
Egan, S. (2021, May). Car & automobile manufacturing in the US (33611A) [U.S. industry iExpert summaries report]. IBISWorld. https://www.ibisworld.com/
Lombardo, C. (2019, July). Breweries in Colorado (CO31212) [U.S. industry state report]. IBISWorld. https://www.ibisworld.com/
McGrath, S. (2020, June). Global commercial real estate (K6111-GL) [Global industry report]. IBISWorld. https://www.ibisworld.com/
Global energy consumption, 2016. (2020). In R. S. Lazich & V. L. Burton, III (Eds.), Market Share Reporter (30th ed.). Gale.
Mergent Intellect / Mergent FirstResearch
Company profile
Mergent. (n.d). Davanni’s, Inc. [Company profile]. Retrieved June 3, 2020, from https://www.mergentintellect.com/
Industry profile
Dun & Bradstreet. (2019, August 26). Fast-food & quick-service restaurants [industry report].
Analyst reports (Investext)
MarketLine. (2020, June). Target Corp. [Analyst report]. Retrieved from https://www.mergentonline.com/login.php
Company profile
Mergent. (n.d.). Hain Celestial Group [Company profile]. Retrieved June 3, 2020, from https://www.mergentonline.com/login.php
Executive biography
Mergent. (n.d.). Hain Celestial Group: R. Dean Hollis [Executive bio]. Retrieved June 3, 2020, from https://www.mergentonline.com/login.php
Company financials/ratios (part of a company profile)
Mergent. (n.d.). Apple, Inc. Company financials. Retrieved June 3, 2020, from https://www.mergentonline.com/login.php
SEC filings
Best Buy Co. Inc. (2020, March 23). Form 10-K. Retrieved from https://www.mergentonline.com/login.php
SWOT (Investext)
GlobalData. (2020, March 19). FedEx Corporation (FDX) Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review. https://www.mergentonline.com/login.php
You may need to use a search engine to find the URL for a particular report.
Failla, J. (2020, April). Quick service restaurants - US. Mintel. https://reports.mintel.com/display/986928/#
Mintel. (n.d.). Shampoo & conditioners: Retail market segmentation by values. Retrieved May 28, 2020, from https://marketsizes.mintel.com/
Company ratios
Morningstar. (n.d.). Delta Air Lines Inc.: key ratios. Retrieved May 27, 2020 from http://library.morningstar.com
Mutual fund report
Morningstar. (n.d.). Vanguard Global Equity [Mutual fund report]. Retrieved May 27, 2020 from http://library.morningstar.com
Stock analysis
Huey, B. (2020, July 14). Delta Air Lines analyst note. Retrieved from http://library.morningstar.com
MRI-Simmons Catalyst
Since the title of the dataset is not very descriptive of your particular data retrieved, include a description of the variables you used so that somebody else could figure out what you did.
MRI-Simmons. (2020). Spring 2020 NHCS adult study 12 month [Male 18-34] [Segmentation profile]. https://simmonsinsights.com/
MRI-Simmons. (2020). Spring 2020 NHCS adult study 12 month [Cell phones / smartphones services used last 30 days - age, gender] [Data set]. https://simmonsinsights.com/
MRI-Simmons. (2020). Spring 2020 NHCS adult study 12 month [Computer software types owned by age] [Data set]. https://simmonsinsights.com/
Quick Report- Demographic Profile
MRI-Simmons. (2020). Spring 2020 NHCS adult study 12 month [Target/ TUMS-brands used most] [Demographic profile]. https://simmonsinsights.com/
MRI-Simmons. (2020). Spring 2020 NHCS adult study 12 month [Base/ Millennials] [Segmentation profile]. https://simmonsinsights.com/
Homma, A. (2020, February 24). Apparel and footwear in the US [Country report]. Passport. https://go.euromonitor.com/passport.html
Euromonitor. (n.d.). Apparel and footwear USA [Market sizes]. Passport. Retrieved May 20, 2020, from https://go.euromonitor.com/passport.html
Euromonitor. (2018, February 8). Population change as a megatrend driver [Briefing]. Passport. https://go.euromonitor.com/passport.html
Euromonitor. (n.d.) Apparel and footwear dashboard: Store-based retailing [Chart]. Passport. Retrieved June 4, 2020, from https://go.euromonitor.com/passport.html
Pew Research Center. (2020, April 20). From virtual parties to ordering food, how Americans are using the internet during COVID-19 [Report]. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/30/from-virtual-parties-to-ordering-food-how-americans-are-using-the-internet-during-covid-19/
PRS Group. (2019, August). Czech Republic. In Political risk yearbook. https://epub.prsgroup.com/
Press Release
No database info needed if it’s something widely available from multiple sources (e.g., most periodical articles, press releases, stock information.)
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019, November 15). FDA approves first contact lens indicated to slow the progression of nearsightedness in children [Press release]. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-contact-lens-indicated-slow-progression-nearsightedness-children
PrivCo. (n.d.). PopSockets [Company profile]. Retrieved May 26, 2020, from https://system.privco.com/auth/login
Since there is no official title, create a description in square brackets, non-italicized, to describe how you compiled this data. See section 9.22 in the Manual. The square brackets in this case indicate that somebody else searching the resource cannot use these exact words to search for it; but they could figure out what you did.
PrivCo. (n.d.). [List of VC-backed companies in the Boulder, CO, area with up to $500M in revenue]. Retrieved June 29, 2020, from https://system.privco.com/auth/login
ProQuest US Newstream
Newspaper article
Kumar, K. (2020, March 10). Target puts cap on disinfectant sales: retailer encouraging no-contact deliveries for same-day Shipt service. Star Tribune, D3.
Look in the Business Demographics section for the Last Updated date.
If the title of the company profile is sufficiently unique to identify the company profile (i.e. there is only one of that company in that city & state), then the company name with city is the title:
Data Axle. (2020, September). Jackson Hewitt Tax Svc-Walmart, Kenai, AK [Company profile]. Reference Solutions. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://www.referenceusa.com
If there are multiple locations of that business in that city/state, include the exact address in parentheses as a form of unique number identifier:
Data Axle. (2020, September). Jackson Hewitt Tax Svc-Walmart (3101 A. St, Anchorage, AK) [Company profile]. Reference Solutions. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://www.referenceusa.com
Since there is no official title, create a description in square brackets, non-italicized, to describe how you compiled this data. See section 9.22 in the Manual. The square brackets in this case indicate that somebody else searching the resource cannot use these exact words to search for it; but they could figure out what you did.
Data Axle. (n.d.). [List of companies in Walworth county, Wisconsin with 5 or more employees]. Reference Solutions. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://www.referenceusa.com
Richard K. Miller & Associates (RKMA Market Research Handbooks)
Miller, R. K., & Washington, K. (2019). Consumer behavior 2019-2020. Richard K. Miller & Associates.
Standard & Poor’s. (2020). Restaurant Brands International [Company profile]. S&P NetAdvantage. https://www.capitaliq.com
Standard & Poor’s. (2020). Transaction screening: bankruptcy announcement date 5/20/2020 - 5/27/2020 [Data set]. S&P NetAdvantage. https://www.capitaliq.com
Scarola, C. & Ko, W. (2020, May). Aerospace & defense. CFRA Industry Surveys. https://www.capitaliq.com
CFRA Equity Research. (2020, August 8). General Electric. CFRA Stock Reports. https://www.capitaliq.com
SBRNet (Sports Market Analytics)
SBRnet. (n.d.). Basketball: College fan market summary. Sports Market Analytics. Retrieved June 3, 2020, from https://sportsmarketanalytics.com/
Since there is no official title, create a description in square brackets, non-italicized, to describe how you compiled this data. See section 9.22 in the Manual. The square brackets in this case indicate that somebody else searching the resource cannot use these exact words to search for it; but they could figure out what you did.
Look at the Variable Metadata or View Metadata section in order to get the Source information -- which agency collected the data. The Date is whatever year the data were collected.
SimplyAnalytics. (2019). [% households consuming imported beer/ale: Drank in last 6 months, for ZIP codes 55416, 55401, and Minneapolis metro area] [Data set]. MRI Consumer Survey US. http://app.simplyanalytics.com
SimplyAnalytics. (2019). [Map of Minneapolis, MN metro with family income $200,000 and over]. Census US. http://app.simplyanalytics.com
SimplyAnalytics. (2019.) [% food - Snack/dessert ice cream & sherbet - Brand Haagen-Daaz, entire US] [Data set]. SimmonsLocal US. http://app.simplyanalytics.com
SimplyAnalytics. (2018). [Map showing # multimarket data - Leisure activities - Current level of interest in major league soccer (MLS) - Somewhat, for Minneapolis-St. Paul DMA]. Scarborough Local Insights. http://app.simplyanalytics.com
Statistics and reports
Look under the Source section for “Survey by” -- that is the author
Daniel Research Group. (2019, September). Unit shipments of mobile personal computers (PCs) and laptops in the United States, from 2013 to 2023 (in millions) [Chart]. Statista. https://www.statista.com/
Sporting Intelligence. (2019). Global sports salaries survey 2019. [Report]. Statista. https://www.statista.com/
Statista. (2020). National Hockey League. [Report]. Statista. https://www.statista.com/
Anything without a named author:
Statista. (2020, May). Laptops & tablets [Consumer market outlook]. https://www.statista.com/
Armstrong, M. (2020, June 4). UK government approval on the slide [Infographic]. Statista. https://www.statista.com/
Statistical Abstract of the United States (ProQuest)
Bureau of Census (2019). Table 3: Resident population projections and components of change: 2017 To 2060 [as of July 1]. In ProQuest Statistical Abstract of the U.S. https://statabs.proquest.com/
Stock quotes
NYSE. (2020, July 20). The Gap, Inc. stock quote. Yahoo! Finance. https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/GPS?ltr=1
SWOT Analysis
Dun & Bradstreet. (2019, December 6). Target Corporation SWOT analysis. http://logon.onesource.com/
GlobalData. (2020, March 19). FedEx Corporation (FDX) Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review. https://www.mergentonline.com/login.php
MarketLine. (2019, September 27). Apple, Inc. SWOT Analysis. https://www.ebsco.com/products/research-databases/business-source-premier
Batter, A. (2016, November/December). The impact of a double trigger on the section 162(m) deduction. Journal of Corporate Taxation, 34-38.
Thomson Reuters. (2020). 2020 RIA federal tax handbook. http://checkpoint.riag.com/
Since there is no official title, create a description in square brackets, non-italicized, to describe how you compiled this data. See section 9.22 in the Manual. The square brackets in this case indicate that somebody else searching the resource cannot use these exact words to search for it; but they could figure out what you did.
Uniworld. (n.d.). [United States firms with subsidiaries in Norway]. Retrieved June 15, 2020, from http://uniworldonline.com/
Look at the bottom of the company’s stock page for the dates of the PDF reports -- usually approximately quarterly. Those are the archived reports and should be the preferred date.
Value Line. (2020, May 22). Delta Air Lines. Value Line Investment Survey. https://jump.valueline.com/
Use a direct/permalink URL whenever available.
International Financial Statistics. (2020). Government finance: Japan 2013-2020 [Data set]. International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org
World Health Organization. (2020, June 2). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Situation report - 134. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200602-covid-19-sitrep-134.pdf?sfvrsn=cc95e5d5_2
Bureau of Economic Analysis. (2020, May 28). Price indexes for personal consumption expenditures by major type of product and by major function. (Table 2.3.4U) [Data set]. United States Department of Commerce. https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=19&step=3&isuri=1&nipa_table_list=2013&categories=underlying
Eurostat. (2020). Area under organic farming [Data set]. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/sdg_02_40
Since the title of the dataset is not very descriptive of your particular data retrieved, include a description of the variables you used so that somebody else could figure out what you did.
Standard & Poor’s. (n.d.). Compustat daily updates - fundamentals annual [Microsoft Corporation: Income statement items - January 2015 to January 2020] [Data set]. Capital IQ. Retrieved June 3, 2020, from https://wrds-www.wharton.upenn.edu/
The Center for Research in Security Prices. (n.d.). CRSP daily stock [Tesla Motors stock prices from 2007 to 2020] [Data set]. Retrieved June 3, 2020, from https://wrds-www.wharton.upenn.edu/
List Partners. (n.d.). The Wendy’s Company. Winmo. Retrieved May 21, 2020, from https://www.winmo.com/
Working Paper
Hastings, J., Neilson, C. A., & Zimmerman, S.D. (2015, June). The effects of earnings disclosure on college enrollment decisions (NBER Working Paper No. 21300). http://www.nber.org/
